Carl Andre
Quincy 1935 - New York 2024
L'artista americano Carl Andre è uno dei rappresentanti principali del Minimalismo e celebre per le sculture dal formato a griglia realizzate con piastrelle di metallo. Ben note sono le sue opere geometriche intitolate Steel Zinc Plain, che sono costituite da lamiere di zinco e d'acciaio disposte a scacchiera sul pavimento.
Studiò arte alla Phillips Academy ad Andover, in Massachusetts, dove conobbe Hollis Frampton, che raggiunse a New York nel 1959, lì conobbe Constantin Brâncuşi e Frank Stella, un ex compagno della Phillips Academy. Andre scrisse poesie e realizzò le sue prime sculture di legno, che manifestarono la lezione di Brâncuşi, e nelle quali si notò l’influenza di Stella con cui condividette l’atelier.
Nel 1965 tenne la sua prima mostra personale alla Galleria Tibor de Nagy, con sculture di legno ed elementi metallici, parte della serie Equivalents. L’opera di legno inciso Last Ladder, eseguita nel 1958, si rivelò come una svolta significativa nella sua carriera, perché Stella commentando l’opera disse ad Andre che anche la superficie posteriore non intagliata della trave di legno fu una scultura.
Da questo momento in poi, la ricerca di Andre andò in direzione dell’essenza primaria delle cose, attraverso l’astrazione geometrica, fino alla elaborazione di un nuovo linguaggio plastico.
Dal 1960 al 1964, a causa di una situazione economica incerta, lavorò come macchinista sui treni merci della Pennsylvania Railroad in New Jersey. Quando riprese la sua pratica artistica nel 1966, partecipò a Primary Structures – la prima grande mostra statunitense dedicata all’arte minimal al Jewish Museum di New York, dove presentò la sua controversa opera Lever, composta da 137 mattoni refrattari. Fu il periodo di massimo splendore del Minimalismo, che Andre abbracciò in pieno, al punto da diventarne uno dei maggiori esponenti: la sua estetica artistica non intese rivelare nulla, se non le peculiarità del materiale, che si tratti o di mattoni, o di qualsiasi tipo di metallo, di legno trovato, o anche di balle di fieno.
Nel 1970 il Guggenheim Museum gli dedicò una mostra personale, e negli anni successivi realizzò grandi installazioni, come Blocks and Stones nel 1973 per il Portland Center for the Visual Arts in Oregon, oppure Stone Field Sculpture nel 1977 ad Hartford, in Connecticut.
Carl Andre fu invitato due volte, nel 1971 e nel 1982, a partecipare a Documenta di Kassel, in Germania, mentre nel 1978 fece parte della XXXVIII Biennale di Venezia.
Fino ad oggi, è protagonista di diverse mostre in tutto il mondo, spesso a fianco di altri artisti come Sol LeWitt, Dan Flavin, Richard Long, Costantin Brancusi e Frank Stella, e il suo lavoro è presente in molte importanti collezioni museali, tra cui la Tate Gallery, che acquisì Equivalent VIII nel 1972, opera che causò molte polemiche pubbliche sulla natura dell'arte contemporanea.
Carl Andre
Quincy 1935 - New York 2024
The US-American artist Carl Andre is one of the most important representatives of Minimal Art and is recognized for grid format sculptures made of metal tiles. Well known are his geometric works entitled Steel Zinc Plain, which are made of zinc and steel sheets arranged in a chessboard on the floor.
He studied art at the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, where he met Hollis Frampton, who, when Andre joined her in New York in 1959, presented him to the artists Constantin Brâncuşi and Frank Stella, a former Phillips Academy fellow. Andre wrote poems and created his first wood sculptures, inspired by the lessons of Brâncuşi, and under the influence of Stella with whom he shared an atelier.
In 1965, he held his first solo exhibition at Tibor de Nagy Gallery with wooden sculptures that had arrangements of gridded metal elements, part of the series Equivalents. The carved wood piece Last Ladder, made in 1958, proved to be a significant turning point in his career, when Stella, commenting on the work, told Andre that even the uncarved back surface of the wooden beam was a sculpture.
From this moment on, Andre's research went in the direction of the primary essence of things over geometric abstraction, until it reached the elaboration of a new plastic language.
From 1960 to 1964, due to an uncertain economic situation, he worked as a driver on the freight trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad in New Jersey. When he resumed his artistic practice, in 1966, he participated in Primary Structures – the first major U.S. exhibition devoted to minimal art at the Jewish Museum in New York where he presented his controversial work Lever consisting of 137 firebricks. It was the period of maximum splendor of Minimalism, which Andre fully embraced, to the point of becoming one of its major exponents. His artistic aesthetic didn't intend to reveal anything, except the peculiarities of the material, may it be bricks, or all sorts of metals, found wood, or even hay bales.
In 1970, the Guggenheim Museum dedicated to him a solo exhibition, and in the following years, he realized large installations, such as Blocks and Stones for the Portland Center for the Visual Arts in Oregon in 1973, or Stone Field Sculpture in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1977.
Carl Andre was invited twice to participate in the Documenta in Kassel, Germany, in 1971, and in 1982, while in 1978, he was part of the XXXVIII Venice Biennale. in Venice.
Until today, he is the protagonist of several exhibitions around the world, often alongside other artists such as Sol LeWitt, Dan Flavin, Richard Long, Costantin Brancusi and Frank Stella, and his work is featured in many important collections, including the Tate Gallery, whose acquisition of Equivalent VIII in 1972 caused much public controversy over the nature of contemporary art.
Esposizioni personali / Personal exhibitions
2020
Tokyo, Taro Nasu Gallery, Carl Andre
2019
Düsseldorf, Konrad Fischer Galerie, Carl Andre - Square Void Works
San Francisco, Anthony Meier Fine Arts, Carl Andre
Berlin, Konrad Fischer Galerie, Carl Andre
2018
Carl Andre: Works on Paper, Massimo De Carlo, Milano
2017
Carl Andre: Sculpture as Place, 1958 – 2010, MOCA, Los Angeles, CA
Carl Andre: Small Sculptures and Short Words, Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, NY
Carl Andre: Serielle Formationen. 1967/2017, Daimler Contemporary, Berlin, Germany
Carl Andre, Galerie Greta Meert, Brussels, Belgium
2016
Carl Andre: Sculpture as Place, 1958 – 2010, Hamburger Bahnhof – Museum für Gegenwart, Berlin, Germany
Carl Andre: Sculpture as Place, 1958 – 2010, Musée D’Art Moderne De La Ville De Paris, Paris, France
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany
Restituciòn y resistencia: Carl Andre, 1972-2015, Solidaridad Salvador Allende, Santiago, Chile
2015
Carl Andre In His Time, Mnuchin Gallery, New York, Ny (9/9 – 12/5/15)
Carl Andre: escultura como lugar, 1958-2010 - Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
Carl Andre , 47 Roaring Forties, Langen Foundation, Neuss, Germany
2014
Carl Andre, Paula Cooper Gallery, New York (5/31 – 7/25/14)
A Friendship: Carl Andre’s Works On Paper From The Lewitt Collection, The Dan Flavin Art Institute, Bridgehampton, Ny (6/7 – 4/2/15)
Carl Andre: Poems 1958–1969, Museum Zu Allerheiligen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland (5/15 – 8/17/14)
Carl Andre: Sculpture As Place, 1958 – 2010, Dia Art Foundation, Beacon, Ny (5/5/14 – 3/2/15); Travelling To Museo Renia Sofia, Madrid, Spain (5/4 – 10/12/15); Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, Germany (05/05/16 – 09/18/16); Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (public opening 10/18/16); Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, USA (03/12/17 – 05/02/17)
2013
Carl Andre, Alfonso Artiaco, Naples (Opened 9/12/13)
Carl Andre - Walnut Works, Sadie Coles HQ, London, UK
Carl Andre - Mass & Matter, Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art - MIMA, Middlesbrough, UK
2012
Carl Andre, Paula Cooper Gallery, New York (10/27 – 12/8/12)
Carl Andre, Galerie Tschudi, Zuoz, Switzerland (7/24 – 9/15/12)
Rise, Ace Gallery, Los Angeles, Ca (2/25 – 9/10/12)
Carl Andre, Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden, Wuppertal, Germany
Satier: Lead on Copper, Meessen De Clercq, Brussels, Belgium
2011
"Carl Andre", Museum Kurhaus Kleve, Kleve, Germany + cat
"Carl Andre", Museion, Bolzano, Italy + cat
"Travertine/Basalt", Sadie Coles HQ, London, England
"Carl Andre", Galeria Cayon, Madrid, Spain
"Timber Works", Konrad Fischer Galerie, Berlin, Germany
2010
"9 x 54 NAPOLI RECTANGLE", Alfonso Artiaco, Naples, Italy
"Carl Andre", The Chinati Foundation, Marfa, Texas
2009
"TIN", Sadie Coles HQ, London, England
"Carl Andre", Paula Cooper Gallery, New York
"Stone", Konrad Fischer Galerie, Düsseldorf, Germany
"Tin Works", Galerie Tschudi, Zuoz, Switzerland
2008
"Cu Al", Konrad Fischer Galerie, Düsseldorf, German
"Al C Cu Fe Pb Sn", Galerie Tschudi, Zuoz, Switzerland
"WESTERN RED CEDAR", Paula Cooper Gallery, New York"Iron", Yvon Lambert, Paris
"Copper/Iron", Galleria Alfonso Artiaco, Naples
2007
"Carl Andre: Early Works on Paper 1958-1966", Andrea Rosen, New York
"Carl Andre: Hommage à Chillida", Kunst Station Sankt Peter, Cologne
"CARL ANDRE: Poetry", Galerie Tschudi, Glarus, Switzerland
"Carl Andre. 40 Jahre bei Konrad Fischer", Konrad Fischer Galerie, Berlin
"Zinc", ACE Gallery, Beverly Hills, California
"Timber Works/Copper Works", Paula Cooper Gallery, New York
2006
"Carl Andre: Sculpture," Sadie Coles HQ, London, England (3/17-4/22/06)
Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, NY (4/1 – 4/29/06)
2005
"Carl Andre: Black Wholes," Kusthalle Basel, Switzerland (6/16-8/28/05)
2004
"Carl Andre: Black White Carbon Tin," Sadie Coles HQ, London, England (2/7-3/20/04)
"Carl Andre Lament for the Children," Paula Cooper Gallery, New York (2/20-4/3/04)
"Carl Andre," Galerie Arnaud Lefebvre, Paris, France (6/9-7/10/04)
"Carl Andre: Works from Glarus," Galerie Tschudi Zuoz, Switzerland (7/3-10/16/04)
"Carl Andre: Graphite," Konrad Fischer Galerie, Düsseldorf, Germany (10/16-11/13/04)
"Carl Andre: Poésie 1960-2000," Cabinet des Estampes, Geneva, Switzerland (10/28-12/19/04)
2003
"Carl Andre: Poems, Yucatan 1972", Gallery Yamaguchi, Osaka, Japan, (1/11-2/8/03)
"Carl Andre: Copper Timber," Galerie Tschudi Glarus," Glarus, Switzerland (9/13-11/29/03)
2002
"Carl Andre" Ace Gallery LA, Los Angeles, CA, (1/12 - 4/15/02)
"Carl Andre" Konrad Fischer Galerie, Dusseldorf (3/23 - 4/27/02)
"Carl Andre, Ingots: Wood, Words, Aluminum", Paula Cooper Gallery, NY (10/26 - 11/30/02)
"Carl Andre, poems," Gallery Side 2, Tokyo, Japan (11/13 - 12/7/02)
2001
"Carl Andre, Poems" Paula Cooper Gallery, New York
"Carl Andre, Words & Small Fields" Sadie Coles HQ, London (12/13/01 - 2/2/02)
2000
"Carl Andre," Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, England (7/7 - 8/27/00)
"Carl Andre," Galerie Tschudi, Glarus, Switzerland (9/16 - )
1999
"Lament for the Children," Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France (4/29/99 - 5/25/99)
“Carl Andre," Konrad Fischer Galerie, Düsseldorf, Germany (10/9/99 - 11/20/99)
1998
"Carl Andre" Alfonso Artiaco, Pozzuoli, Italy (3/28/98 -
"Western Red Cedar", Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (5/30 - 6/27/98)
"Carl Andre - New Work", Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scottland (8/15 - 10/4/98)
"Carl Andre: New Work", Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (10/21 - 11/28/98
"Carl Andre", Galerie Tschudi, Glarus, Switzerland (11/14/98 - 3/13/98 )
"Carl Andre - Selected Works", Galerie Tanit, Münich, Germany
1997
"Carl Andre: Typewriter Drawings and Blue Cut Trials" Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (11/29 - 12/20/97)
"Oeuvre Poétique: Carl Andre" Centre de la Vieille Charité, Marseille, France (9/13 - 11/16/97)
"Carl Andre" Musée de Marseille, Marseille, France (7/5 - 9/21/97)
"Carl Andre" Galerie Tschudi, Glarus, Switzerland (6/3 - 8/23/97)
"Carl Andre" Ace Gallery, New York, New York (2/1-3/31/97)
"Carl Andre: Passport 1960, Yucatan 1972" Galerie Arnaud Lefèbvre, Paris, France (3/21 - 5/17/97)
1996
"Carl Andre" Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (11/30/96 - 1/18/97)
"Carl Andre Sculptor: Works 1958-1995," Krefeld Haus Lange and Haus Esters and Wolfsburg Kunstmuseum, Germany (1/96 - 4/96)
"Carl Andre Sculptor: 1996" Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany (2/3 - 4/21/96)
"Carl Andre Sculptor: 1996" Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, England (5/5 - 6/30/96)
"Carl Andre" Bonnefantemuseum, Maastricht, The Netherlands (July 1996)
"Carl Andre" Syningarsalur/Exhibition Space, Reykjavik, Iceland (June-July 1996)
1995
"Carl Andre: Sand/Lime Instar," Gagosian Gallery, New York, New York (1/10 - 2/11/95)
Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (4/6-29/95)
"Carl Andre," Galerie Tschudi, Glarus, Switzerland (5/30 - 9/2/95)
1994
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (9/17 - 10/15/94)
1993
"Carl Andre, Tautover," Galerie Arnaud Lefebvre, Paris, France (3/2/93 - 3/27/93)
"Carl Andre: Maze & Snares of Minimalism," Julian Pretto Gallery, New York, New York (4/17/93 - 4/24/93)
Galerie Tschudi, Glarus, Switzerland (5/8/93 - 7/3/93)
"WORDS, 1960 - 1980," Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (9/10/93 - 10/8/93); travelled to: Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne, Germany
"WORDS, 1958 - 1972" (1/16/94 - 2/27/94); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (4/29/94 - 5/94)
1992
"Carl Andre Manet Isobars," Paula Cooper Gallery, 149 Wooster Street, New York, New York (4/16/92 - 5/28/92)
"Carl Andre Ten Sculptures in the Shape of a Pair," Plus-Kern, Brussels, Belgium (5/9/92 - 6/28/92)
"Carl Andre Recent Sculpture," Julian Pretto Gallery, New York, New York (7/1/92 - 7/31/92)
Yvon Lambert, Paris, France (9/12/92 - 10/14/92)
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (9/26/92)
1991
"Carl Andre - Extraneous Roots," Cloister of the Carmelites, Frankfürt am Main, Germany (6/7/91 -7/14/91)
"Homage to Hollis Frampton, " Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art, Cleveland, Ohio (6/28-8/16/91)
"Carl Andre - Skulptur & Poesi," Vestsjaellands Kunstmuseum, Soro, Denmark (9/6/91 - 10/6/91)
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (9/17/91 - 10/9/91)
"Bismuth Cadmium Indium," Anthony d'Offay Gallery, London, England (10/25/91 - 11/23/91)
1990
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (3/31/90 - 4/28/90)
Galerie Plus-Kern, Brussels, Belgium (9/15/90 - 10/31/90)
Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (10/4/90 - 10/31/90)
1989
Galerie Daniel Templon, Paris, France (1/7/89 - 2/8/89)
Anthony d'Offay Gallery, London, England (3/15/89 - 4/15/89)
"Words as Poems, Matter as Sculpture," Paula Cooper, New York, New York (4/8/89 - 4/29/89)
"Brownian Stillness," Galeria Edurne, Madrid, Spain (6/89-7/89)
1988
"Roaring Forties," Palacio de Cristal, Madrid, Spain (2/10/88 -4/88),
travelled to Espacio Parque Pignatelli, Museo Pablo Gargallo, Zaragoza, Spain (4/27/89 - 5/29/89)
Julian Pretto Gallery, New York, New York
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (7/88)
Yvon Lambert, Paris, France (9/10/88 - 10/13/88)
Plus-Kern, Brussels, Belgium (9/17/88 - 10/30/88)
Jean Bernier, Athens, Greece (11/21/88 - 1/9/89)
1987
Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (1/11/87 - 3/1/87)
Haags Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, The Netherlands (1/9/87 - 3/3/87)
Museo d'arte Contemporanea, Castello di Rivoli (5/22/87 - 9/6/87)
"Revel (For KF)," Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (10/87)
1986
"Belgian Blue Limestone," Plus-Kern, Brussels, Belgium (10/26/86 - 11/23/86)
"Belgian Blue Limestone," Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (11/86)
1985
Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (1/5/85 - 1/30/85)
"Travertino," Galerie Daniel Templon, Paris, France (6/1/85 - 7/1/85)
"La Voie Lactée/The Milky Way," Kunstraum München e.V, Münich, Germany (9/24/85 - 10/31/85)
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany (July)
Gian Enzo Sperone, Rome, Italy (9/17/85 - 10/10/85)
1984
Fine Arts Gallery, Broward Community College, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (1/13/84 - 1/31/84)
Richland College, Dallas, Texas
Westfalischer Kunstverein, Münster, West Germany (5/8/84 - 6/3/84)
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Galleria Primo Piano, Rome, Italy (10/8/84 - 11/5/84)
Galerie im Kornerpark, Berlin Neukolln, West Germany (9/16/84 - 10/18/84)
Art Gallery, Fine Arts Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York (11/27/84 - 1/8/85)
Plus-Kern, Brussels, Belgium (10/7/84 - 11/12/84)
Galerie Andre, Anselm Dreher, Berlin, West Germany (10/19/84 - 11/10/84)
1983
"Range Works," Konrad Fischer, Zürich, Switzerland (3/31/83-4/30/83)
"For Eva Hesse," Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York (3/1/83 - 3/26/83)
Heath Gallery, Atlanta, Georgia (1/83)
Galerie Daniel Templon, Paris, France (3/12/83 - 4/14/83)
Nouveau Musée, Villeurbanne/Lyons, France (9/29/83 - 11/27/83)
Le Coin du Miroir, Dijon, France (9/30/83 - 11/9/83)
The Clocktower, The Institute for Art and Urban Resources, New York, New York (11/17/83 - 12/18/83)
Flow Ace Gallery, Los Angeles, California (2/12/83 - 3/5/83)
Plus-Kern, Brussels, Belgium (9/16 - 10/17/83)
1982
Susan Caldwell Gallery, New York, New York (3/6/82 - 3/27/82)
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Alberta College of Art Gallery, Calgary, Canada (3/82)
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (10/82)
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (11/82)
University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming (11/82)
Hans Mayer, Basel, Switzerland (6/82)
Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida (10/14/82 - 11/28/82)
1981
Susan Caldwell Gallery, New York, New York
Seagram Plaza, New York, New York
Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York
Wurttembergischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart, West Germany
Anthony d'Offay, London, England
Graeme Murray Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland
Museum Haus Lange, Krefeld, West Germany
1980
Cornish Institute of Arts, Seattle, Washington
Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts
Paula Cooper Gallery, New York, New York
Lopoukhine Nayduch Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts
David Bellman Gallery, Toronto, Canada
National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Portland State University, Oregon
Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, West Germany
1979
The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois
University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, California (5/23 - 7/1/79)
Glenbow Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas
Musée d'Art Contemporain, Montreal, Canada
1978
Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, England
Laguna Gloria Art Museum, Austin, Texas
The Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
Sperone Westwater Fischer Gallery, New York, New York
Art Agency Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Pinacotheca, Melbourne, Australia
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Ace Gallery, Los Angeles, California
Ace Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
1977
Otis Art Institute, Los Angeles, California
Joseloff Gallery, Hartford Art School, Connecticut
Sperone Westwater Fischer Gallery, New York, New York
1976
Davison Art Center, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
The Clocktower, New York, New York
Installation of Prime Terrane, Detroit Institute of the Arts, Detroit, Michigan
Kabinett für Aktuelle Kunst, Bremerhaven, West Germany
Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Minneapolis, Minnesota
John Weber Gallery, New York, New York
Barbara Cusack Gallery, Houston, Texas
Ace Gallery, Los Angeles, California
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France
1975
Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland
The Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, England
John Weber Gallery, New York, New York
Barbara Cusack Gallery, Houston, Texas
Lisson Gallery, London, England
Gian Enzo Sperone Gallery, Rome, Italy
Sperone Westwater Fischer Gallery, New York, New York
Ace Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Daniel Weinberg Gallery, San Francisco, California
1974
Wide White Space, Antwerp, Belgium
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Ace Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
1973
Portland Center for the Visual Arts, Portland, California
Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts
Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, Massachusetts
Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts
"Projects" Series, Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York
Max Protetch Gallery, Washington, D.C.
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
John Weber Gallery, New York, New York
Gian Enzo Sperone, Torino, Italy
1972
Friends of Contemporary Art, Denver, Colorado
John Weber Gallery, New York, New York
Janie C. Lee Gallery, Dallas, Texas
Lisson Gallery, London, England
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
1971
The St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, Missouri
Dwan Gallery, New York, New York
Locksley-Shea Gallery, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Galerie Yvon Lambert, PAris, France
Wide White Space, Antwerp, The Netherlands
Heiner Friedrich Gallery, Münich, West Germnay
1970
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York
Ace Gallery, Los Angeles, California
1969
Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, The Netherlands
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
Dwan Gallery, New York, New York
Wide White Space, Antwerp, The Netherlands
Gian Enzo Sperone Gallery, Torino, Italy
1968
Städtisches Museum, Mönchengladbach, West Germany
Heiner Friedrich Gallery, Münich, West Germany
Wide White Space, Antwerp, The Netherlands
Irving Blum Gallery, Los Angeles, California
1967
Dwan Gallery, Los Angeles, California
Dwan Gallery, New York, New York
Konrad Fischer Gallery, Düsseldorf, West Germany
1966
Tibor de Nagy, New York, New York
1965
Tibor de Nagy, New York, New York